Dr. Zhong Lin 'ZL' Wang Regents’ Professor and COE Distinguished Professor Director, Center for Nanostructure Characterization & Fabrication (CNCF) Georgia Institute of Technology Materials Science and Engineering 771 Ferst Drive, N.W. Atlanta, GA 30332-0245 Office:  IPST 273A Phone: 404.894.8008  |   Fax: 404.894.9140 zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu Website: www.nanoscience.gatech.edu/zlwang B.S. Northwest Telecommunication Engineering Institute  (currently Xidian University), China, 1982 Ph.D. Arizona State University, 1987 Dr. Z. L. Wang is a Regents’ Professor and College of Engineering Distinguished Professor. He is also the Director for the Center for Nanostructure Characterization and Fabrication (CNCF) at Georgia Tech. Research Interests Science and applications of nanoparticles, nanowires and nanobelts Functional oxide and smart materials for sensing and actuating Nanomaterials for biomedical applications and nanodevices Recent Research Highlights The July/August issue of the Science Watch published by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) lists the world's top 25 researchers and institutions in nanotechnology from 1992-2002. Z.L. Wang ranks number 5 internationally with 121 papers on the subject!  His papers have been cited 2348 times placing him on the list of the top 25 most cited authors in the world.  He has published 38% of the 6150 citations to Georgia Tech papers which places Tech number 12 worldwide. The report has also highlighted Wang's research on nanobelt. Discovered the world’s first piezoelectric nanospring, which has been reported by Business Week and e-Time. Discovered the nanobelt in 2001, which was considered to be a ground breaking work and was reported by over 20 media including USA Today, Science News, BBC News, and Frankfutter Allgemeine Zeitung. The discoverery of the nanobelt is being considered in the same category as the discovery of nanotubes. The paper on nanobelt was the most cited paper in chemistry in 2001-2003 (ISI, Science Watch). Discovered the perfect seamless nanoring of semiconducting and piezoelectric ZnO. Discovered the world’s smallest balance, nanobalance, in 1999, which was selected as the breakthrough in nanotechnology by the America Physical Society in 2000. This discovery was covered by over 10 different media including Physics Today and People’s Daily. Discovered a novel technique for producing hydrogen from methane and water with the potential of using solar energy, which was covered by Business Week. Discovered the world first nanogenerator that converts mechanical energy into electricity for powerinig nanodevices and nanosensors. The first time synthesis of single-crystal ceramic nanoparticles for nanoelectronics applications. Discovered a generic approach for synthesis one-dimensional and zero-dimensional nanomaterials of complex function oxides for applications in ferromagnetism, colossal magnetoresistance, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity and more. Summary of Accomplishments Dr. Z.L. Wang received his Ph.D in Physics from Arizona State University in 1987, and he is a now a Regents’ Professor, COE Distinguished Professor and Director, Center for Nanostructure Characterization (CNC), at Georgia Tech. He served as a Visiting Lecturer in SUNY (1987-1988), Stony Brook, as a research fellow at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge (England) (1988-1989), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1989-1993) and at National Institute of Standards and Technology (1993-1995). Dr. Wang has authored and co-authored four scientific references and textbooks, published over 530 peer reviewed journal articles, 55 review papers and book chapters, edited and co-edited 15 volumes of books on nanotechnology, and held 20 patents and provisional patents. Dr. Wang is the world’s top 25 most cited authors in nanotechnology from 1992-2002 (ISI, Science Watch). His entire publications have been cited for over 20,000 times. The citation H-index of his publications is 68. He is a fellow of American Physical Society and fellow of AAAS, and he has received the 2001 S.T. Li prize for Outstanding Contribution in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, the 2000 and 2005 Georgia Tech Outstanding Faculty Research Author Awards, Sigma Xi 2005 sustain research awards, and the 1999 Burton Medal from Microscopy Society of America. Leadership Under Dr. Wang's leadership and extremely hard work, the Georgia Tech Electron Microscopy Center was established in 1999. This Center not only links  numerous research programs and groups on campus, but also is becoming a center for education and collaboration. This Center has been extensively developed and expanded to include 15 major research equipment, and it is now becomes a Center for Nanostructure Characterization and Fabrication (CNCF). Dr. Wang is the founding Director for the Center on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at Georgia Tech, which is playing the most crucial role in organizing GT and other universities for national competition on nanotechnology initiatives launched by federal government. Dr. Wang is also very active in initiating and driving the join research, education and degree programs between Georgia Tech and Peking University (China). He is the Chair of the Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology at Peking University. Honors and Awards Dr. Wang has received the 1999 Burton Medal from Microscopy Society of America, 1998 NSF CAREER award, 1998 China-NSF Oversea Outstanding Young Scientists Award, 2000 and 2005 Georgia Tech outstanding research award, 2005 Sigma Xi Sustained Research Award, 2001 S.T. Li prize for outstanding contribution in nanotechnology, and has also received three best paper awards. His research papers have been cited for over 20,000 times. The h-index of his publications is 68. He is the world’s top 25 most cited authors in nanotechnology for the last decade (ISI). He has also received research fellowships from Univ. Cambridge, US Department of Energy and ORISE. He is a member of the editorial boards of over 10 major journals. He is an honorable and guest professor of over 10 universities. Two symposiums (May 7, 2003; Oct. 12, 2005) organized by the University of Pierre & Marie Curie (Paris) and sponsored by the L'Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) in the honor of Prof. Wang for his outstanding contribution in nanotechnology. Dr. Wang is a fellow of APS, fellow of AAAS, and a fellow of the World Innovation Foundation. Research Grants and Funding Dr. Wang is PI or co-PI on numerous proposals. He has received funding from NSF, DOE, DARPA, NASA, China NSF and industry. The total value of contracts awarded in which he has either been PI, co-PI or an investigator is $18M over the past 13 years at Georgia Tech. Community Service Dr. Wang is actively participating in the activities and services in scientific professional societies. He has served as chair and co-chair for 14 local, national and international conferences organized 10 symposia and chaired over 15 sessions in national and international conferences. He has served as a member for the review panel for NSF, NASA and DOE and advisory board for numerous centers on nanotechnology. He is a referee for numerous prestigious journals, such as Nature, Science, Physical Review Letters, Nature Materials and J. American Chemical Soc. Return to top Research Dr. Wang has filed 15 patents, has authored and co-authored 4 textbooks, edited 20 books/proceedings, authored 43 book chapters, over 530 peer reviewed publications and 130 other conference proceeding publications, and has given over 500 invited presentations, keynote speaks, distinguished lectures and seminars, and 150 contributed presentations at national and international conferences. Dr. Wang's research covers a wide range of technical interests in materials science ranging from theoretical to experimental research on fundamental as well as applied problems. He has been invited to give a series of lectures in China, France, Switzerland, Mexico, Germany, Japan and US. His recent research focuses on nanomaterials for biomedical applications, nanomaterials for MEMS and NEMS technology and integration of nanotechnology with biotechnology.His primary research accomplishments are in the following fields. 1. Invented nanowire piezo-electric generators for self-powered nanodevices (Science, 312, (2006) 242; Science 316 (2007) 102-104; Nature 451 (2008) 809-813) Developing novel technologies for wireless nanodevices and nanosystems are of critical importance for in-situ, real-time and implantable biosensing, biomedical monitoring and biodetection. An implanted wireless biosensor requires a power source, which may be provided directly or indirectly by charging of a battery. It is highly desired for wireless devices and even required for implanted biomedical devices to be self-powered without using battery. Therefore, it is essential to explore innovative nanotechnologies for converting mechanical energy, vibration energy, and hydraulic energy into electric energy that will be used to power nanodevices without using battery. A groundbreaking research by Dr. Wang in 2006 is the invention of the Piezo-Electric Generators for Self-Powered Nanodevices. He demonstrated an innovative approach for converting nano-scale mechanical energy into electric energy by piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire (NW) arrays. By deflecting the aligned NWs using a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip in contact mode, the energy that was first created by the deflection force and later converted into electricity by piezoelectric effect has been measured for demonstrating nano-scale power generator. The operation mechanism of the electric generator relies on the unique coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting dual properties of ZnO as well as the elegant rectifying function of the Schottky barrier formed between the metal tip and the NW. The efficiency of the NW based piezo-electric power generator is ~ 17-30%. Wang has also invented the first DC nanogenerators driven by ultrasonic wave (Science 316 (2007) 102-104). The nanogenerator is composed of aligned ZnO NWs and a zigzag top electrode, which is a novel, adaptable, mobile and cost-effective approach with a great potential in nanotechnology. The NWs can be grown on solid substrates or polymer substrates as flexible power generators. In 2008, he has developed microfiber-nanowire hybrid nanogenerator (Nature 451 (2008) 809-813), establishing the basis of using textile fibers for harvesting mechanical energy. The principle and technology demonstrated here have the potential of converting mechanical movement energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching, blood pressure), vibration energy (such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave), and hydraulic energy (such as flow of body fluid, blood flow, contraction of blood vessel) into electric energy that may be sufficient for self-powering nanodevices and nanosystems. The prototype technology established by the DC nanogenerator set a platform for developing self-powering nanosystems with important applications in implantable in-vivo biosensing, wireless and remote sensing, nanorobotics, MEMS, sonic wave detection and more. 2. Nano-Piezotronics [Adv. Mater., 19 (2007) 889] Dr. Wang first created a field called nano-piezotronics  in Dec. 2006, which utilizes the coupled piezoelectric and semiconducting properties of nanowires and nanobelts for designing and fabricating electronic devices and components, such as field effect transistors and diodes. The physics of nano -piezotronics is based on the principle of nanowire nanogenerator that converts mechanical energy into electric energy. It is anticipated to have a wide range of applications in electromechanical coupled electronics, sensing, havesting/recycling energy from the environment, and self-powered nanosystems. 3. Polar surface induced novel growth processes and mechanism of oxide nanostructures and electromechanical coupled devices (Science 303 (2004) 1348; Science, 309 (2005) 170) The wurtzite structure family has a few important members, such as ZnO, GaN, AlN, ZnS and CdSe, which are important materials for applications in optoelectronics, lasing and piezoelectricity. The two important characteristics of the wurtzite structure are the non-central symmetry and the polar surfaces. The structure of ZnO, for example, can be described as a number of alternating planes composed of tetrahedrally coordinated O2- and Zn2+ ions, stacked alternatively along the c-axis. The oppositely charged ions produce positively charged (0001)-Zn and negatively charged (000-1)-O polar surfaces, resulting in a normal dipole moment and spontaneous polarization along the c-axis. This polar surface gives rise a few interesting growth features. The breakthroughs by Wang’s group in 2004 is the success of first piezoelectric nanobelts and nanorings (Science 303 (2004) 1348) for applications as sensors, transducers and actuators in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. Owing to the positive and negative ionic charges on the zinc- and oxygen -terminated ZnO basal planes, respectively, a spontaneous polarization normal to the nanobelt surface is induced. As a result, helical nanosprings/nanocoils are formed by rolling up single crystalline nanobelts. The mechanism for the helical growth is suggested for the first time to be a consequence of minimizing the total energy contributed by spontaneous polarization and elasticity. The nanobelts have widths of 10-60 nanometers and thickness of 5-20 nanometers, and they are free of dislocations. The polar surface dominated ZnO nanobelts and helical nanosprings are likely to be an ideal system for understanding piezoelectricity and polarization induced ferroelectricity at nano-scale. The major discovery made by Wang’s group in 2005 was the discovery of a new rigid helical structure of zinc oxide consisting of a superlattice-structured nanobelt (Science, 309 (2005) 170), which was formed spontaneously in a vapor-solid growth process. Starting from a single-crystal stiff-nanoribbon dominated by the c-plane polar-surfaces, an abrupt structural transformation into the superlattice-structured nanobelt led to the formation of a uniform nanohelix due to a rigid lattice rotation or twisting. The nanohelix was made of two types of alternating and periodically distributed long crystal stripes, which were oriented with their c -axes perpendicular to each other. The nanohelix terminated by transforming into a single-crystal nanobelt dominated by nonpolar surfaces. The nanohelix could be manipulated, and its elastic properties were measured, which suggests possible uses in electromechanically-coupled sensors, transducers and resonators. 4. Nanobelts of  semiconducting oxides: from materials, to properties and to devices (Science, 209 (2001) 1947) Recently a series of binary semiconducting oxide nanobelts (or nanoribbons), such as ZnO, In2O3, Ga2O3, CdO and PbO2 and SnO2 have been successfully synthesized in Dr. Wang’s laboratory by simply evaporating the source compound (Science, 209 (2001) 1947). The as-synthesized oxide nanobelts are pure, structurally uniform, single crystalline and most of them free from defects and dislocations; they have a rectangular-like cross-section with typical widths of 30࿓ -300 nm, width-to-thickness ratios of 5࿓-10 and lengths of up to a few millimeters. The belt-like morphology appears to be a unique and common structural characteristic for the family of semiconducting oxides with cations of different valence states and materials of distinct crystallographic structures. The nanobelts are an ideal system for fully understanding dimensionally confined transport phenomena in functional oxides and building functional devices along individual nanobelts. This discovery has been reported by over 20 media and professional society journals. The paper (Science, 209 (2001) 1947) has been the the second most cited paper in chemistry according to Science Watch (ISI). Dr. Wang’s group has recently applied the nanobelt materials to make the world’s first field effect transistor, single wire sensors and nano-size cantilevers for scanning probe microscopy. This invention has been highlighted by Nature as research news (Nature 423 (2003) 134). 5. In-situ nanomeasurements on the mechanical, electrical and field emission properties of nanotubes, nanoblets and nanowires Characterizing the physical properties of carbon nanotubes is limited not only by the purity of the specimen but also by the size distribution of the nanotubes. Traditional measurements relies on scanning probe microscopy. Based on transmission electron microscopy, Dr. Wang and his colleagues have developed a series of unique techniques for measuring the mechanical, electrical and field emission properties of individual nanotubes. The in-situ TEM technique developed by him is not only an imaging tool that allows a direct observation of the crystal and surface structures of nanocrystals, but also an in-situ apparatus that can be effectively used to carry nano-scale measurements (Science, 283 (1999) 1513). Using a custom-built specimen stage, the quantum conductance of a carbon nanotube has been observed in-situ in TEM, confirming the ballistic conductance and no-heat dissipation across a defect-free nanotube first published by de Heer’s group (Science, 280 (1998) 1744). A nanobalance technique and a novel approach toward nanomechanics have been (Phys. Rev. Letts. 85 (2000) 622). Their discoveries have attracted a great deal attention of the medium and professional community. 6. Dynamics of shape-controlled nanocrystals and nanocrystals self-assembly (Science 272 (1996) 1924; Science 316 (2007) 732-735; Nature, 420 (2002) 395) Nanosize colloidal platinum (Pt) particles are potentially important in industrial catalysis. The selectivity and activities of Pt particles strongly depend on their sizes and shapes. Much effort has been devoted to synthesize smaller size Pt particles for increasing the surface to volume atom ratio. Searching for techniques which can produce monoshape Pt particles has attracted a lot of interest because the chemical activities of Pt between {100} and {111} facets have distinct differences. Dr. Wang's collaboration with Prof. M.A. El-Sayed had led to a new technique based on colloidal chemistry for controlling the shapes and sizes of Pt particles at room temperature [Science 272 (1996) 1924]. Following this development, the growth mechanism of shape controlled Pt nanocrystals was studied using in-situ transmission electron microscopy. The shape transformation and melting behavior of the Pt nanocrystals were revealed for the first time. Wang and his collaborators have developed a novel electrochemical approach for successfully synthesizing tetrahexahedral (THH) Pt nanocrystals at high purity (>90%), which are a very unsual shape as defined by twenty-four facets of high-index planes ~{730} and vicinity planes such as {210} and {310} with a high density of surface steps and dangling bonds (Science 316 (2007) 732-735). The THH nanocrystals have demonstrated much enhanced catalytic performance of up to 400% per unit surface area than that of the Pt nanospheres or commercial catalyst. The success of synthesizing THH Pt nanocrystals by a square-wave electrochemical method starting from Pt nanospheres on amorphous carbon substrate presents a new approach for controlling the stability of nanocrystals defined by high-energy surfaces that have important applications in catalysis and fuel cells. This study demonstrates a novel approach for designing unusual and well-controlled particle shapes of noble metals, and it could be extended to other metals such as palladium. This research was selected as the 2007 highlights by ACS. The physical and chemical functional specificity of nanoparticles suggest that they are ideal building blocks for two- and three -dimensional cluster self-assembled superlattice structures in which the particles behave as well-defined molecular matter and they are arranged with long-range translational and orientational order. In 1996, Dr. Wang collaborating with the research group of Prof. R.L. Whetten obtained concrete experimental results demonstrating success of forming such superlattice structures using Au nanocrystals. Following this, Dr. Wang has concentrated on  the preparation of size and shape controlled Ag and CoO nanocrystals. His group was the first to study the role of particle shape in determining the crystallography of 3-D assembling of nanocrystals and the structural stability and molecular bonding between nanocrystals. Dr. Wang's recent research has been focused on self-assembly of magnetic nanocrystals for ultrahigh density data storage media. His paper (Phys. Rev. Lett., 79 (No. 13) (1997) 2570-2573) won the 1998 Georgia Tech Sigma Xi Best Paper Award in a campus wide competition. Dr. Wang and his collaborators at IBM (H. Zeng and S. Sun) and University of Texas Arlington (J.P. Liu) have developed a process that incorporates FePt and Fe3O4 particles with different mass and radii ratio into binary assemblies (Nature, 420 (2002) 395-398). Controlled annealing results in metallic composites with magnetically hard and soft phase exchange coupled. The approach offers precise engineering control on the dimension of the components and their nanoscale interactions in the composite, rendering isotropic FePt-based nanocomposites with energy product value of 20 MGOe that exceeds the theoretical limit of 13 MGOe for single phase FePt. 7. Functional materials: structure evolution and structure analysis Dr. Wang's research in high temperature superconductor and functional materials began in 1991 while he was working with Dr. D. Kroeger at ORNL. His interests lie in structure-property relationships. His most notable contribution in this field is a book co-authored with Dr. Z .C. Kang, entitled "Functional and Smart Materials - structural evolution and structure analysis" published by Plenum Press, New York, 1998. This book is unique and is different from the existing books in a way that it emphasizes the intrinsic connection among crystal systems. "The authors consider the atomic scale crystal structure and chemistry of oxides with physical and chemical properties that are sensitive to changes in the environment such as temperature, pressure, electric or magnetic fields, pH, and optical wavelength. They explain relationships among different structures and explore approaches to characterizing and synthesizing these important components for electronic devices" (Science, Vol. 281 (July 10, 1998) p. 181). "... this book is a unique, cutting-edge text on smart materials ... it is recommended as an adjunct to device design books used for engineers as well as scientists during the development of smart devices and structures" (Physics Today , Nov. 1998, p. 70). It "brings together, for the first time, the fundamentals of atomic scale crystal structure and chemistry.... and it is a cutting-edge text at the forefront of modern materials evolution", Professor David Williams, Professor and Chair of Materials Science and Engineering at Lehigh University. This book also " Fills a gap left in the field", and it is "a basic reference in the domain of oxides of functional and smart materials", Professor C. Boulesteix, Universite Aix-Marseille, France. This book is "extremely valuable for materials scientists working on functional oxide materials, and it is an interesting textbook for teaching graduate students", Professor M. Rühle, Director of the Electron Microscopy Lab., Max Planck Institute for Metallurgy, Germany. Very recently, Dr. Wang and his collaborator have developed a few systems of Ce, Pr and Tb oxide based materials for producing hydrogen at low temperatures. An innovative approach has been developed to produce hydrogen through a two step process using the lattice oxygen released from the oxide and it has three major advantages in comparison to existing methods: low temperature operation by swing temperature between 300 and 700 oC; no catalyst is required and reduced cost; eliminated catalyst deactivation problem. This could be a breakthrough for fuel cell technology and hydrogen based green-economy. 8. Dynamic electron diffraction due to thermal diffuse scattering Electron diffraction theory in a periodically structured crystal is well established, but the theory for inelastic electron diffraction and scattering from a partially disordered system, such as systems containing point defects, is not well understood. In this field, Dr. Wang has proposed several theoretical approaches for solving the problems. Prof. J.M. Cowley and he were the first to show that thermal diffuse scattering is the mechanism of forming the Z -contrast image in scanning transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, Dr. Wang has proposed a dynamic theory that can be applied to quantify electron diffraction data from a partially disordered systems containing point defects with short-range order. Recently, he has mathematically proven the equivalence between the quantum mechanical phonon excitation theory and the "frozen" lattice semi-classical model of electron diffraction, which filled a major gap in the field. In his text book entitled, "Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging" (Plenum Press, New York, 1995), Dr. Wang has critically summarized all the existing theories on electron diffraction and imaging developed over the past 40 years. This book serves as the fundamental reference book for understanding image contrast in the energy-filtered TEM and diffraction patterns, a future direction of TEM, and has been praised by many prominent scientists. Some quotations from the reviewers include: "a noteworthy achievement and a valuable contribution to the literature", American Scientist, 1996; "This is an excellent and comprehensive book ... If you are interested in electron scattering by crystals, in the theory underlying the interpretation of electron micrographs ... you should buy this book. It is comprehensive and right up to date", J. Microscopy, 1996; "I can compliment him (Dr. Wang) for the huge effort he has accomplished to make all of them classified and accessible to us. And I am convinced that this book is quite important for anyone wishing to cleverly use the new TEMs with energy filtering devices", Professor C. Colliex, Editor-in -Chief, Journal of Microscopy Microanalysis Microstructure and Director of Atomic Clusters Laboratory, CNRS, France, 1996.  9. Reflection electron microscopy and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy for surface analysis Dr. Wang's research in Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM) and Reflection Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (REELS) started when he was a graduate student under the supervision of Prof. J.M. Cowley. He was the first one to propose and demonstrate the REELS technique. This technique has been used for monitoring layer-by-layer growth in MBE. Dr. Wang thoroughly investigated the resonance phenomenon of electrons in the process of surface reflection, establishing the basis for understanding the image contrast in REM. He succeeded in observing the in-situ surface step movement on alumina surfaces at 1400 oC. In recognition of this research, he was invited by Cambridge University Press to author a book on "Reflected Electron Microscopy And Spectroscopy For Surface Analysis", Cambridge University Press, 1996. This is the only book on RHEED and REM. Since RHEED is a widely used technique for monitoring surface growth in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), this book serves as the basic text for guiding the readers in interpreting RHEED data . "For those with a TEM background it (this book) represents, perhaps, the definitive text for reflection methods", Analysis, 1997. "It contains a lot of illustrations and excellent images and a good balance of theory and experimental techniques... it is a book that any materials science or physics libraries should be holding", MRS Bulletin, Oct., 1998. 10. Valence-loss excitation spectroscopy for studying of supported small metal particles, carbon tubes and spheres In characterizing nanoparticles, it is desirable to measure the electronic property of a single particle, such as a single carbon sphere or tube. This difficult task can only be achieved using a fine electron probe with a diameter smaller than 1 nm. Traditionally, all of the theoretical models before 1986 were developed for free particles, which assume that the particle is a suspended object without any contact with other objects. In practice, nanocrystals must be supported by a substrate. Thus, a key question is, how is the electronic property of the particle affected by the substrate? By introducing a semi -embedded particle model, Dr. Wang and Prof. Cowley were the first ones who solved the problem theoretically and proved experimentally. In 1995, Dr. Wang was invited to write a review article on the subject, and this is still the most comprehensive paper on the subject. In 1997, he was invited to give one month special lectures at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL at Lausanne, Switzerland). During his visit, he also conducted collaborative research on valence excitation of carbon spheres, carbon tubes and single wall carbon tubes. Several publications resulted from this trip. Return to top I: Authored Scientific Reference and Text Books: "Elastic and Inelastic Scattering in Electron Diffraction and Imaging", by Z.L. Wang, Plenum Publishing Co. (New York, 1995). "Reflected Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis,"by Z.L. Wang, Cambridge University Press (England, May 1996). "Functional and Smart Materials - Structural Evolution and Structure Analysis," by Z.L. Wang and Z.C. Kang, Plenum Publishing Co. (New York, 1998). "Self-assembled Nanostructures," by J.Z. Zhang, Z.L. Wang, J. Liu, S.W. Chen and G.Y. Liu, Kluwer Academic Publisher (New York, 2002).  II: Edited Scientific Reference Books: "Characterization of Nanophase Materials,” edited by Z.L. Wang, Wiley-VCH (New York, 2000). "Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials - Synthesis,” edited by Z.L. Wang, Y. Liu and Z. Zhang, Tsinghua Univ. Press - Kluwer (2002). "Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials - Characterization,” edited by Z.L. Wang, Y. Liu and Z. Zhang, Tsinghua Univ. Press - Kluwer (2002). "Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials - Materials Systems and Applications I,” edited by Z.L. Wang, Y. Liu and Z. Zhang, Tsinghua Univ. Press - Kluwer Academic Publisher (2002). "Handbook of Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials - Materials Systems and Applications II,” edited by Z.L. Wang, Y. Liu and Z. Zhang, Tsinghua Univ. Press – Kluwer  Academic Publisher (2002). "Electron Microscopy of Nanotubes,” edited by Z.L. Wang, C. Hui, Kluwer  Academic Publisher (2003). "Nanowires and Nanobelts – materials, properties and devices; Vol. I: Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires” edited by Z.L. Wang, Kluwer Academic Publisher (2003). "Nanowires and Nanobelts – materials, properties and devices; Vol. II: Nanowires and Nanobelts of Functional Materials” edited by Z.L. Wang, Kluwer Academic Publisher (2003). "Hanbooks of Microscopy for Nanotechnology” (Vol. I & II) edited by Nan Yao and Z.L. Wang, co-published by Kluwer Academic Publisher and Tsinghua University Press (2004). Current Research Projects Synthesis, characterization and devices of oxide nanobelts and nanowires Piezoelectric nanogenerators and nanosensors Nanomaterials for sensors and biomedical applications Selected Recent Publications Z.L. Wang and J.H. Song  “Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays”, Science, 312 (2006) 242-246. X.D. Wang, J.H. Song J. Liu, and Z.L. Wang “Direct current nanogenerator driven by ultrasonic wave”, Science, 316 (2007) 102-105. Yong Qin, Xudong Wang and Zhong Lin Wang ”Microfiber-Nanowire Hybrid Structure for Energy Scavenging”, Nature, 451 (2008) 809-813. Z.L. Wang “Nano-piezotronics”, Adv. Mater., 19 (2007) 889. X.D. Feng, D.C. Sayle, Z.L. Wang, S. Paras, B. Santora, T. Sutorik, T.X. T. Sayle, Y. Yang, Y. Ding, X.D. Wang, Y.S. Her “Converting Ceria Polyhedral Nanoparticles into Single-Crystal Nanospheres”, Science, 312 (2006)1504-1508. P.X. Gao, Y. Ding, W.J. Mai, W.L. Hughes, C.S. Lao and Z.L. Wang “Conversion of Zinc Oxide Nanobelt into Superlattice-Structured Nanohelices”, Science, 309 (2005) 1700-1704. X.Y. Kong, Y. Ding, R.S. Yang, Z.L. Wang "Single-crystal nanorings formed by epitaxial self-coiling of polar-nanobelts ", Science, 303 (2004) 1348-1351. Hao Zeng, Jing Li, J.-P. Liu, Zhong L. Wang, Shouheng Sun “Exchange-coupled nanocomposites magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly”, Nature, 420 (2002) 395-398. Z.W. Pan, Z.R. Dai and Z.L. Wang “Nanobelts of semiconducting oxides”, Science, 291 (2001) 1947-1949. P. Poncharal, Z.L. Wang, D. Ugarte and W.A. De Heer, "Electrostatic Deflections and Electromechanical Resonances of Carbon Nanotubes,” Science, 283 (1999) 1513-1516. Frank, P. Poncharal, Z.L. Wang, and W.A. De Heer, "Carbon Nanotube Quantum Resistors,” Science, 280 (1998) 1744-1746. T.S. Ahmadi, Z.L. Wang, T.C. Green, A. Henglein and M.A. El-Sayed, "Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Colloidal Platinum Nanoparticles,” Science, 28 (1996) 1924-1926. To learn more about Dr. Wang’s research and current activities click here. Return to top